I Timothy 1 v 8, 9a - Law is good, but not set out for the righteous

 ‘Now we appreciate that the law is good, provided someone is making use of it lawfully’, (I Timothy 1 v 8). Paul makes a similar statement to the one recorded in chapter seven of his letter to the Romans. He counters any idea that he is suggesting that divine law is bad in and of itself. Not at all, the law is good. But he adds a qualification. Divine law is good ‘provided someone is making use of it lawfully’. He says that the problem is that good divine law can be made use of unlawfully, it can be used in a way that is not according to the rules. It can be used in inappropriate circumstances, and he goes on to explain what he means.

‘Appreciating this, that law is not lying outstretched for the equitable and righteous’, (I Timothy 1 v 9a). He states an important principle that Christians have to appreciate with regard law in general. Law is not set out for the righteous, for the morally upright. Now we have understand what Paul is saying here. Paul is making one of his general statements, stating a general principle. Law – any law, civil law, religious law and so on – is not laid out for the righteous – for the innocent, morally upright or judicially approved. The context in which Paul makes this statement is that of Sinai Covenant law and Christians. Christians are righteous, not because of their own speech and labours towards godly behaviour, but because they are placed in union with the Messiah who fulfils all the requirements of Covenant law on their behalf. Christians are not placed under the written codes of Covenant law but under God’s free gift, they are not placed under the Levitical system but into a royal priesthood. 

I Timothy 1 v 6, 7 Missing the mark and law

 ‘Which some, having missed the mark, have turned away into empty talk, 7 wishing to be teachers of the law, not exercising their minds neither to understand what they are saying nor around which they emphatically assert’, (I Timothy 1 v 6, 7). 

Already, some of the teachers in the Ephesian assembly had missed the mark. They had turned away from the essence of the gospel message into unprofitable ‘empty talk’, into babbling. They desired to be teachers of Covenant law. Today, Christian legalists do not usually go this far. Although insisting on using divine law as a ‘spur’ to urge wayward Christians to turn back to the Messiah, Christian legalists do not usually become teachers, experts or consultants specialising in Covenant or Levitical law. Rather, they tend to constantly refer to the ‘Moral law’ and use ‘proof texts’ to ‘prod’ wayward Christians to turn to the Messiah in repentance. In public prayers they often talk about how Christians have fallen short of the standards and ideals of God’s ‘Moral law’, and about how unworthy Christians are in their day-to-day lives. If someone is persuaded of the importance and relevance of divine law to living a godly life, then becoming a teacher of law is a logical and consistent step to take, since they regard the law as being essential to godliness. But Paul objects to such reasoning and says that those wishing to be teachers of the law were ‘not exercising their minds’. There it is again, Paul’s emphasis on the Christian’s mind such that they think and reason things through to a conclusion in the light of the gospel. Paul says that those Christian teachers wishing to be teachers of the law are not making the effort to use their minds in order to come to the right conclusion. Furthermore, these Ephesian teachers were emphatically asserting their opinions. They were making bold, confident statements about the law as they sought to impose Levitical law on Christians at Ephesus. But Paul says that they don’t understand what they are saying. He goes on to explain what he means.

I Timothy 1 v 3 – 5 - Christian teachers missing the mark

 Paul makes reference to law in his first letter to Timothy. At the start of his letter Paul reminds Timothy of the instructions that he had given to him before Paul left for a journey to Macedonia.

‘Just as I was travelling to Macedonia, I called you near to remain in place in Ephesus so that you might give instruction from close beside to any one not to teach differently. 4 Nor to hold their mind towards fables and endless genealogies which hold near searching questions and disputes, rather than administration of God’s household which is within entrustment’, (I Timothy 1 v 3 – 4).

Paul and Timothy were both at Ephesus and as Paul was about to make a journey to Macedonia he had some concerns about the teachers in the Ephesian assembly, so he called Timothy close beside. He instructed him to remain in Ephesus because he was concerned that some in the Ephesian assembly were beginning to teach ideas and principles that were contrary to, or hindering the good news that Paul had announced to the Ephesians. The problem was similar to what Paul had faced with the Galatians – some of the Ephesian teachers were drifting away from the gospel. So he called Timothy aside and instructed him not to allow any one to teach differently from the teaching Paul had already declared. Some in the Ephesian assembly were allowing themselves to be ‘side-tracked’, to be ‘knocked off course’ because they were paying attention to myths and fables. There were many such false stories circling in society and some of these Christian teachers were paying too much attention to them in their teaching. Other Christian teachers were focussing their minds on endless genealogies, going into deep examination of them and engaging in the different opinions and disputes that arose from them. The problem was that such interests were drawing attention away from the administration of God’s household, of Christians, which does not reside in such disputes, but within faith. 

‘But the aim of the instruction is practical benevolent love from out of a clean heart, good conscience and sincere entrustment’, (I Timothy 1 v 5). Paul was not trying to be negatively critical, nor was he being divisive or merely protecting his own opinions. Rather, his aim in giving this instruction to Timothy was that the Ephesian Christians would mature into practical benevolent love from out of a deep inner core that was clean, and had a good conscience and sincere persuasion and entrustment. His concern was that some were already missing the mark. 

Galatians 6 v 1, 2 - Wayward behaviour and restoring fellow Christians

 ‘Brothers, even if a man has been overtaken within some falling away from close beside, you relating to the realm of breath, properly adjust and restore this one within a breath [pneuma] of gentleness, taking heed yourself in case you also are tested. 2 Bear one another’s burdens, and in this manner you will complete the law of the anointed one’, (Galatians 6 v 1, 2).

Paul has been explaining the opposing currents and energies that exist within Christians. There is an impetus arising from their fleshly constitution, and in opposition to this, there is the movement and impetus of the Breath of God dwelling in their deep inner core. It is clear from all that Paul has been saying that Christians are not ‘perfect’. They are not fully complete within cleanliness and godliness. Most of Paul’s letter to the Galatians has been taken up with Christians in danger of falling into wayward behaviour by turning back to observing Covenant law as a means of obtaining and maintaining divine judicial approval. And here, in verse 1, Paul turns to the problem of a Christian being ‘overtaken within some falling away from close beside’. As Paul says in his letter to the Romans, Christians are sometimes taken captive, or ‘overtaken’ by impulses arising from within their fleshly constitution. The word ‘overtaken’ suggests that some self-forfeiture springs upon an individual and overpowers them by the suddenness of the assault.

So what happens in such a situation? Paul says that those Christians walking in and relating to the realm of breath are to ‘properly adjust and restore this one within a breath [pneuma] of gentleness’. This would be an act of practical, beneficial love. ‘Properly adjusting’ includes knowledge, understanding and reasoning within what is true to the facts. It is what Paul has been doing throughout the course of this letter to the Galatians – seeking to promote consistent behaviour within correct, enlightened understanding. This ‘adjustment’ is to be done with care and gentleness. Christians are exhorted to assist and carry each other’s burdens with care so as to avoid falling into error themselves. In seeking to support and restore a fellow Christian, they may be tested themselves. 

‘…in this manner you will complete the law of the anointed one’. There is a very biting sarcasm and grave irony in Paul’s use of the word ‘law’ here. The whole of this letter has been directed against the Judaizing teachers who were cramming the written codes of Covenant law down Galatian Christian throats. This letter is addressed to their victims who had fallen into their trap. They have turned things upside down, (Galatians 5 v 12), but Paul turns this back round on them and says, ‘You want law, do you? Well, if you will have it, here it is - the law of the Messiah’. The Messiah’s life is our law, our principle of speech and behaviour. Practical Christianity is founded on emulating the Messiah, and the primary principle of the Messiah is that Christians show practical beneficial love to one another, as he has shown love to them. In this way the Messiah is brought to completion. The dynamic process is to co-work with God to bring forth the Fruit of the Breath. There is no reference to external written codes, but rather, that Christians co-work with God by walking around within the set-apart Breath, within truth, so as to carry across the Fruit of the Breath from within into speech and behaviour, mutually supporting one another. 

Galatians 3 v 19, 20 - If God’s promise is still in effect, why was the law given? [1]

 ‘Then why the law? It was added on account of stepping contrary up until that the seed comes to whom the announced promise [was made], having been arranged and ordered by means of angel/messengers within the hand of a mediator. 20 But a mediator is not one; and God is One’. (Galatians 3 v 19, 20).

Paul anticipates another objection. If judicial approval and right-wiseness is shown as the result of promises made by God to Abraham and his seed, promises given over four hundred years before the law, then why was the law given to Jews at all? Paul says that the law was added because Jews and their delegated leaders were ‘stepping contrary’. They were engaging in wayward teaching and disapproved-of behaviour. So the law was brought in until the seed – Jesus - to whom the announced promise was made, (verse 14) - came in. It was brought in because of waywardness.

Covenant law is not of human origin. It does not belong to human manufacture, tradition or philosophy. Rather, it was arranged and ordered by means of angel messengers. ‘Yahweh came from Sinai and rose up on them from Seir. He shone forth from Mount Paran and He came from a myriad of the set apart. From His right hand, a fiery law for them’, (Deuteronomy 33 v 2). And again, ‘who received the law into the arrangement of angels…’, (Acts 7 v 53). (See also Acts 7 v 38, Hebrews 2 v 2). Covenant law was delivered ‘within the hand of a mediator’, namely, Moses. Thus, Covenant law was not given to Israel in the same way that the promises were announced to Abraham. The promises were announced immediately from and directly by God Himself. By contrast, Moses served as an intermediary, a ‘middle man’ between God and the angels on one hand, and Israel on the other hand. 

Then Paul seems to add an unusual sentence. He says, ‘but a mediator is not one; but God is One’, (verse 20). The statement itself is plain enough in its meaning, but why does Paul say such a thing here? A mediator is a facilitator who helps parties resolve disputes through communication. In Scripture we read that almost immediately after leaving Egypt the Israelites engaged in wayward behaviour, (Exodus 32), incurring God’s judicial anger. But Moses pleaded on behalf of the Israelites, reminding God of his promises to Abraham, and in due course divine law was given to Israel by means of Moses. So a mediator is not ‘one’ – rather he is an intermediary, in the case of Moses, between God and His chosen ethnic group. But it is also true to say that Jesus is a mediator between God and those whom God has selected. So the first problem is this, who is Paul referring to when he says a ‘mediator is not one’? Paul contrasts a mediator with God, Who is one. The second problem is this, what does Paul mean by raising this theme of ‘oneness’? Many scholars and commentators have had their minds exercised by these questions, and they have come up with different answers. I will consider these themes a little more in the next post.